نشریه مدیریت ورزشی
سال چهاردهم شماره 2 (پیاپی 57، تابستان 1401)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between knowledge management and entrepreneurship with the mediating role of social capital in managers of private sports clubs in Shiraz.

The statistical population included 400 managers of private clubs in Shiraz. The statistical sample consisted of 196 respondents who were chosen through cluster sampling based on the distribution of clubs in the eleven urban areas of Shiraz. In order to measure knowledge management, Sharon Lawson Questionnaire (2003), Social Capital Assessment, Gaini Questionnaire (2012) and Entrepreneurship Assessment, Chupani Questionnaire (2010) were administered among the respondents. Five qualified managers assessed and confirmed the validity of the questionnaires and the reliability of the questionnaires was assessed and confirmed through Cronbach's alpha coefficient and the combined reliability. In order to investigate the relationships between the data, the redearchers applied the path analysis method with partial minimum squares using PLS2 software.

The findings showed that there was a significant relationship between the components of knowledge management and entrepreneurship in sports clubs. There was also a significant relationship between the components of social capital and entrepreneurship. In addition, the research findings showed that social capital could be a good medium for the development of entrepreneurship through knowledge management in the sports club.

According to the research findings, it is recommended that sport clubs create inter and intra-club networks taking the creativity and efficiency of their social capital for granted to make the path of entrepreneurial development shorter and more effective along with developing infrastructure to create a knowledge-based sports club in order to develop entrepreneurship.

Accordingly, the main purpose of this study was to design a good sports governance model for the country's sports.

To achieve this goal, The Grounded Theory as a qualitative research method and purposeful in-depth interviews with the elites in this field were used (In this regard, people related to the subject of research in three areas of sports managers, experts in the field of sociology and policy and experts in the field of management and planning in sports were identified. The interviews continued purposefully and in the form of snowballs). Finally, after interviewing 25 subjects, the desired theoretical saturation was obtained and the data were analyzed through three coding steps and the final model was developed.

In this paradigmatic model, the three concepts of "hopelessness for the future", "meaningless irrationality" and "newness were identified as central phenomena. Then 26 main categories related to these concepts in the form of causal conditions (8 categories), contextual conditions (6 categories), Intervening conditions that facilitate or accelerate the interaction of these three sections (4 categories), necessary strategies (6 categories), and the consequences (2 categories) were introduced.

Depending on the codes in the excerpts, this theory may be expressed.; Factors that lead to the emergence of the phenomenon, the "hope of the future", "meaningful rationality" and "flee now" include; "Developmentist governance", "efficient administrative structure", "institutional knowledge", "rule of law", "moralism", "excellence of sports institution", "resistant economy" and "institutional interaction".

The purpose of the present study was to design the model of perceiving the desirability of park sports space on Tehran city.

The research method was qualitative-quantitative mixed with exploratory approach. The statistical population included in the qualitative part the faculty members of universities and individuals with managerial experience in sports organizations and in the quantitative part included all persons over 18 years of age who used sports spaces at least twice a week in Tehran. Twelve were in the qualitative section and 384 in the quantitative section. The data collection tool was semi-structured interview in qualitative part.

The results of this interview were used in a questionnaire with 5 main factors in quantitative part. In this study for expert content validity and construct validity (exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis), to determine the model reliability from two composite reliability indices and Cronbach's alpha, and from divergent and convergent validity indices (Ave) and structural equation modeling SPSS version 23 and PLS version 2 were used. The fit of the model was reported as GOF=0.68 and the results confirmed the final model in 5 factors including amenities, preference, accessibility, equipment and design.

Therefore, if we create a safe and desirable park space and healthy activities and recreation are organized in accordance with the values of community, the active presence of the people and consequently the vitality and livelihood of community will increase.

The purpose of this study was to fit the media literacy model in sport by the structural equation modeling approach.

First, the initial model was identified by grounded theory method and Strauss-Corbin approach and then its fit was evaluated by structural equation modeling method. Open, axial and selective coding methods were used for qualitative data analysis then structural equation modeling method was used for quantitative data analysis. The sample in the qualitative section included 26 experts in the field of sports and media who were selected by purposive non-random sampling method. In the quantitative section, 400 graduate students of sports sciences were randomly selected in clusters and surveyed with a questionnaire.
Results In the qualitative section, the requirements of content production, the development of literacy, highlighting sports and content management as causal conditions and content form, the use of media industries, content production based on audience knowledge, the inclusion of media literacy in educational content, pre Media literacy training needs were identified as contextual conditions. In the quantitative part, the fit of the model based on qualitative findings was confirmed.

the findings showed that media literacy training, content management, use of media industries and highlighting the category of sports have an effect on the development of media literacy in sports.

The purpose of this study was to identify and model the most important factor of pure sport development model in Iran with interpretive structural modeling approach.

The purpose of this study was applied and in terms of data collection, it was a field research. With regard to the main purpose, the research method was qualitative (foundation data theory). The statistical population in this study includes experts in the field of sport management. Using purposive sampling and theoretical saturation technique, key informants (including 17 experts in the field of sport management with focus groups (to It was done and the components and factors of pure sport development model were identified in Iran and then interpretive structural modeling was used as one of the consensus methods.

The results showed that the factors of cultural factors, skills and motivation with power High influence, individual and organizational factors, moral consequence, and societal consequences with subordinate power The above and the managerial and structural factors have high influence and dependency, so the framework of Clean Sport Development Model in Iran provides a deeper understanding and broader perspective to the researchers and extends the scope of Clean Sport Development Model in Iran to a specialized field.

The present study suggests that the framework presented is based on a global philosophy and values, and it seems that the use of pure sport development in sport seems to give rise to some ethical principles and values during implementation. Emphasize and implement sports activities

study was to investigate the sociological predictors of fan motivation.

In the present study, after examining the research background, three sociological variables of individual values, team identity and ethnic identity were selected as predictors of motivation for Tabriz Tractorsazi football fans. The team quality variable was also considered as a moderator. For this purpose, based on the Cochran sampling method, 384 club fans voluntarily and online in the 2018-2019 season of the Premier League football completed the following questionnaires: Kaheli individual value (1983), Ahmad Baba Team Identity (2003), Fini Ethnic Identity (2016), Team Quality of Zhang et al. (1997) and Al-Tibetan motivation of fans (2004).

The results of SEM showed that fan motivation was significantly affected by team quality β=0/345), individual values ​​(β=0/25), team identity (β=0/186) and ethnic identity (β=0/177). The results of the present study showed a very high motivation of the fans of the tractor team.

According to the results, club managers can relate to variables: team quality, use of star players and professional coaches, individual values by providing more security, team identity, distribution of clothes and flags, racial identity, use of cultural records, and Develop and implement programs and ethnic customs to increase the motivation of the fans.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the conditions of teaching and developing students' physical literacy.

the researchers presented a paradigmatic model of physical literacy development through qualitative method (Grounded Theory). The data collection tools, interviews and research community were 17 experts in physical education and physical education. The validity and reliability of the research method was confirmed by participant review and review by non-participating experts and the content analysis method was used to analyze the data.

The results of the study proved that the main obstacle to the education and development of students' physical literacy is the lack of proper development of physical literacy by the authorities of sport in the society which unfortunately is caused by causal factors, underlying conditions and interventions in our society.

Based on the results of this study, adopting operational strategies such as using leisure time for students to target and plan the development of physical literacy, coordinating between sport and evaluation organizations, enhancing the skills and motivation of teachers can have implications for education and promote the development of physical literacy and the creation of an active lifestyle for students.

The aim of this study was to design a paradigm pattern of sport businesses resilience.

The research method was qualitative and the grounded theory was used. The statistical population included sports management professors, sport entrepreneurs, sport economics researchers and sport industry activists. A semi-structured interview was used to identify the factors. The interview was conducted with 14 people of statistical population and 127 codes and 43 sub-categories were extracted. The sampling method was targeted and available. The qualitative data were analyzed with a set of open, axial and selective coding and the pattern was drawn based on the generated codes.

Based on the paradigm pattern in the resilience of sport businesses, several factors have causative importance that some of which refer to the country's current economic situation. Some of the fields influencing the resilience of sport businesses included the capacity of sport businesses and economic impact of sport businesses; Moreover, some intervening factors consisted of adaptability and foresight and the structures required for business; Some important strategies for resilience of sport businesses including the use of management strategies and improving and organizing the distribution of financial resources and the consequences of the resilience of sport businesses including the financial and economic consequences for business, the entrepreneurial and innovative consequences in business and the economic consequences for the country.

According to the results, the government, managers and the business owners are the main actors that should provide the necessary conditions to increase the resilience of sports businesses.

The phenomenon of globalization is one of the most challenging issues in countries and the study of its effects on macroeconomic variables has been considered by researchers. Therefore, in the study the economic factors affecting the openness of sports and trade in Mena member countries were examined.

The present research is applied descriptive-analytical and has been done by documentary method. Data on the variables of Gross Domestic Product, Exchange rate, consumer price index and statistics of exports and imports of sports goods of Mena countries were collected from the World Bank and the World Trade Center Website During the 1993-2018. To estimate the model was used ordinary least squares method with the help of EViews 10 software.Results The results showed that the results showed that with the increase of one unit of Gross Domestic Product, openness Sporting Goods business unit increased by 064/0 Unit. The variable coefficient of the price index is negative, which means that with the increase of one unit of the price index of goods decreases the degree of commercial openness of sporting goods by 0.04 units. Also, with the increase of one-unit exchange rate increases the degree of commercial openness of sports goods 0.012 units.

Increasing the government's support and incentive policies to attract foreign capital can be helpful.

The rapid evolution in technology and its impact on the growth of the complexity of business environments creates opportunities and challenges from a marketing perspective and deserves attention and research. Therefore, the purpose of this study is Designing the model of internet marketing mix for sports industry of ir Iran.

The research method is descriptive and is practical in terms of purpose. The statistical population of this study included 120 faculty members of sports management from universities across the country, experts in the field of marketing and knowledge of sports marketing. The sampling method is non-random and targeted accessible. Its validity was confirmed by ten sport management professors. Reliability was calculated by Cronbach’s alpha test. In this research, descriptive and inferential statistics methods were used to analyze the informations .Also the Partial Least Squares, (PLS) has been used to check the research hypotheses.

The results showed that the elements of Internet marketing mix include: brand, communication, data collection, price, customer service, product, personalization, promotion and distribution have an high correlation with the development of internet marketing mix in the sports industry. Also the path coefficients have been achieved completely above 0.5 and show that these variables are get involved in the development of the internet marketing mix.

Therefore, it is suggested that the components identified in the present study be considered by the managers of sports organizations

The purpose of this research was to identify and investigate the status of trustees and the desired consequences of sports in Iran.

The research methodology was exploratory mixed method. In the qualitative part, the Grounded-Theory (Systematic-Approach) and in the quantitative part, the Structural-Equations-method were used. The data collection tools were interviews and questionnaire. In the qualitative section, 14 sports management experts and senior sports managers of Iran were interviewed to obtain theoretical saturation. In quantitative part, statistical population was the activists in the field of trustees and a thousand questionnaires were randomly distributed among them and 604 cases were answered. Quantitative data analysis was performed using SPSS software version 22 and Smart-PLS software. The confidence level determined to be 99%.

The findings of the qualitative section showed that there are 10 trustees and 11 significant consequences for various sports activities in Iran. The quantitative findings also showed that the main trustees, such as the "Ministry of Sports and Youth", "Universities and Schools" and "Municipalities" are not in a favorable situation. "Job-creation" is also the most important desired outcome for the development of various sports activities in Iran.

According to the findings of the research, it seems that the transformational leadership of the supreme sports council or the formulation, approval and implementation of Iran's comprehensive sports law are the most important necessary measures.

Today, football has become more than a sport and its edges have been extended to the level of society and has attracted many attentions. The purpose of the current research is to analyze and evaluate the factors affecting the performance of Iranian football athletes.

The research method is a descriptive survey type, and in terms of its nature and purpose, it is considered as an applied research, and the method of field implementation is through the completion of a researcher-made questionnaire. Considering that the statistical population crossed the threshold of 100,000 people, according to Morgan's table, 384 people who were present during the 18th season of the country's premier league (2013-1999) were included in the study, and the reliability rate was calculated based on Cronbach's alpha of 0.89%. Descriptive statistics with mean and standard deviation and inferential statistics with confirmatory factor analysis and Friedman test were performed with SPSS 24 and Lisrel 8.8 software.

The results of the findings showed that the effective factors inside the field have 7 components and the most important factors are the coach and the quality of the stadium, as well as the effective factors outside the field have 6 components and the most important factors are the federation and the family respectively.

finally, the effect of the obtained factors on the performance of the athletes was confirmed, which can be directed by using education and culture

The purpose of this study was to identify and prioritize effective cultural measures in promoting attendance etiquette in Iranian football stadiums using a hierarchical analysis method with the aim of improving their security.

This research was of mixed type and in the qualitative phase, cultural measures which are effective on enhancing etiquette at Iranian football stadiums were identified during thirteen semi-structured interviews with experts by conventional content analysis. In the quantitative phase, twelve participants of the qualitative phase completed the AHP pairwise comparison matrix and compared the measures identified in the qualitative phase in pairs in terms of importance and the data were analyzed by analytical hierarchy process and using the Expert Choice software.

The findings showed that culture building with relative weighting 0.177 is the most important action in the development of culture and etiquette of the presence of people in football stadiums. Acculturation, legal support, monitoring and control, planning and management, executive support, organizing sports agents, Co-thinking and networking, and academic promotion with weights of 0.167, 0.122, 0.121, 0.119, 0.107, 0.071, 0.068, and 0.048 were placed in the next priorities, respectively (incompatibility rate = 0.01).

It seems that identifying appropriate behavioral patterns and introducing them to the target communities, including spectators, athletes, and coaches, etc., by football organizers, as well as cultural and sports policy makers, and also, the proper allocation and spending of cultural budgets in this path can help in educating a new generation of football fans and improving the security of football stadiums in the future. However, those measures that have been prioritized in the lower ranks are still important and should not be neglected.

The purpose of this study was to brand women's football in Asia and to present a model.

The research method was qualitative. The statistical population of the present study included professors and experts in the field of football. The sampling was purposeful. The research tool was interview with 15 people. The validity of the research tool (interview) was checked and confirmed by the interviewees and then the expert professors. To measure the reliability, the method of intra-subject agreement was used, according to which the reliability value was equal to 0.90. The test was also approved. Data theory was used to analyze the data.

The results of semi-structured interviews showed that 11 categories of effects can be considered as indicators of women's football branding in Asia. These 11 categories include 35 concepts and 176 open source agents.

Based on the findings of this study, it can be concluded that managers and officials should take the necessary measures for the development and advancement of women's football according to the identified indicators and take steps to address the challenges and problems ahead

The purpose of this study was to design a model for managing barriers of sponsorship for Iranian women's championship sports, using grounded theory based on the Strauss-Corbin’s approach.

The research participants consisted of experts in the field of women's sports, including professors of sports management, researchers in the field of women's studies, managers and officials of sports organizations, coaches, athletes, managers of private companies selected according to the triangulation technique. The participants were selected first by purposive sampling method and then by theoretical sampling method. The interview with the experts started with 10 people and continued until the theoretical saturation was reached, and finally 21 people participated in the interview. Open, axial and selective coding were used to analyze the data.

In the selective coding stage, the components of the coding paradigm were described; Pattern, drawing and theory were developed and presented. Finally, 8 main components and 21 sub-components were extracted and presented in the form of a theoretical model based on the data theory of the foundation.

According to the results, the management of sponsorship barriers for women's championship sports has different dimensions, and simultaneous attention to all dimensions and removal of barriers will attract sponsors and comprehensive development and more women's championship sports in the country.

How to use political behavior in organizations plays an important role in the behavior as well as the feelings of employees. Political behavior is a natural process in the organization through which conflicts and differences between groups and stakeholders can be examined and resolved. The purpose of this study was to present a model of political behavior of Iranian sport organizations employees.

In order to achieve this goal, a qualitative method based on foundation data theory was used. Theoretical method and snowball sampling were used. The research instrument was in-depth and exploratory interviews. Then, the data obtained from the interviews were coded and analyzed by field method.

The findings indicated 6 dimensions of paradigm model including 3 categories of causal conditions (power, personality and career promotion), one category of axial phenomenon (influence policies in the organization), 5 categories of contextual conditions (conflict, laws, injustice, job nature and management), 2 categories of intervening conditions (communication outside the organization, political popularity), 5 categories of mechanisms and strategies (information management, perceptions, sensitivities, communication networks, disruption) and 4 categories of consequences (positive and Organizational negative, and individual positive and negative) were identified.

The political behaviors in sports organizations are very complex in diagnosis and judgment, and models such as the presented one in current study can help understanding their multidimensional and process..

The purpose of this research was to identify the effective solutions for the implementation of digital marketing in the Iranian Football Federation.

This research was conducted with a qualitative method, which was applied in terms of purpose and exploratory in nature. The sampling was theoretical.  The interviewees included managers and executive experts at the highest levels of Persian Gulf Premier League football clubs, league organizations, football federations, and football unions, information technology specialists, and especially digital marketing experts and university professors. Sampling was performed purposefully and with 18 interviews, theoretical saturation was reached.

In total, 104 concepts were obtained then they were classified into 13 categories and 6 main categories. These concepts included research and education, oversight, resources, targeting and legislation, communications, and executive solutions.

According to the research results, success in digital marketing in the federation requires having a specialized and experienced team, adopting marketing strategies, as well as the existence of marketing infrastructure and systems.  In addition, federation managers can help the growth and development of digital marketing by accurately targeting and managing, hiring a skilled workforceThe purpose of this study was to identify the strategies affecting the implementation of digital marketing in the Iranian Football Federation. This research did by qualitative way and thematic analysis, which was applied and exploratory. The population of the study included executives and executives at senior levels of the Premier League football clubs, the League Organization, the Football Federation and the Football League, IT specialists, and in particular digital marketing experts and academics.r digital marketing experts and academics.experts and academics.r digital marketing experts and

Lack of in-depth studies in representing the effective factors in sports success, caused us to investigate the reasons for the success of sports heroes in Bandar Anzali in the present study.

In this research, the qualitative research approach and the method of narrative research were used. This research is based on a semi-structured interview and a purposeful sampling. Interviews were conducted with 8 participants based on the quality of medals at the world level and the Asian Games.

based on the findings of narrative interviews, the themes of sports success factors are: psychological factors (concentration and self-confidence, interest and passion, motivation, purposefulness, perseverance and commitment, imagery, self-efficacy), technical and physical ability ( technique, tactics, physical fitness), material and economic factors (facilities, equipment and suitable sports space, money), organizational and managerial factors (existence of experienced coaches, talent management, sports psychologist, mass media, government and Ministry of Sports, planning and time management), environmental living conditions (geographical conditions of place of residence and location, culture and family support), which are presented to the participants in the interview and approved after a series of reviews. The research findings are consistent with research in the field of sports success.

Since the findings of this study are directly derived from the views of sports heroes, it can be very useful for other athletes who want to succeed in their field of sports

The purpose of this study was to investigate futures studies in Iran's sport economy (a case study of sport events).

The statistical population of the study consisted of specialists and management professors and sports economics that had scientific and executive experience. The sampling method was snowball, which after an interview with 12 researcher reached theoretical saturation. Finally, the data obtained from the interviews were analyzed by data method and analyzed through three stages of open, axial and selective coding. Analysis was made. To verify the validity of the data, the codes were provided to one encoder and also to four interviewees who confirmed the findings.

The findings indicated that in the coding stage, 1307 symbols were identified which were classified in terms of conceptual similarity in nine concepts.

In general, in order to achieve the development of the sports economy, we must interpret and track the past and present of the sports economy by creating an accurate analysis of the future picture of the country's national sport using future education, innovation and education, as well as by increasing social participation. In future studies, using competition creation, leadership and investment, the epistemic and ethical foundations of future studies of the country's sport economy are designed and managed through great sporting events and the analysis of opportunities and threats to a successful and dynamic economy in the field. Exercise our country.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the intangible values of football in the community and the willingness to pay to host valid sporting events with a contingent valuation method.

The research method is descriptive correlation and is of the categories of the applied research. The statistical population of the study included all people in the northern provinces of Iran. The sampling method was clustering and stratified and the required information was collected by simple random sampling. The urban centers of three provinces of Tehran, Golestan, Guilan and a total of 1155 people were selected as a research sample. To collect information, Vicker et al (2016) willingness to pay questionnaire, which has 15 questions and measures 12 intangible components of exercise, was used. In order to analyze the data, inferential statistical methods such as logistic regression and diagnostic logistic regression were used to predict the variables.

The findings showed that, in general, %49 of the population were willing to pay 69.245 tomans. The variables of credit, sense of stadium and sports facilities, satisfaction, success, motivation for a healthy lifestyle, honor, fame, have the most and the strongest significant relationship with predicting the willingness to pay.

Relevant officials can support the improvement of the effects of sports development in the community by using appropriate facilities and equipment and providing conditions for hosting prestigious sports events.